Overview
Dune is a science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert and published in 1965. A winner of the Hugo Award and Nebula Award for outstanding science fiction, Dune is popularly considered one of the greatest science fiction novels of all time, and is frequently cited as the best-selling science fiction novel in history. Dune spawned five sequels written by Herbert, and inspired a film adaptation by David Lynch , two miniseries made by the United States-based Sci-Fi Channel , computer games , the trilogy by Denis Villeneuve ( Part One released in 2021, Part Two in 2024 and Part Three anounced for december 2026). A cinema adaptation should been made by Alejandro Jodorowsky , but it couldn't be done and that finally lead to the documentary movie directed by Frank Pavich Jodorowsky's Dune . There's as well series of prequels, interquels, and sequels co-written by Brian Herbert , the author's son, and Kevin J. Anderson . Dune is set far in the future, amidst a sprawling feudal intergalactic empire , where planetary fiefdoms are controlled by Noble Houses that owe allegiance to the Imperial House Corrino . The first novel, modestly entitled Dune, tells the story of young Paul Atreides . Heir apparent to Duke Leto Atreides I from the planet Caladan , he and his family have to relocate to the planet Arrakis , an extremely arid world that is the universe's only source of the spice melange . In a story that explores the complex interactions of politics , religion , ecology, technology , and human nature, the fate of Paul, his family, his new planet and its native inhabitants , as well as the Padishah Emperor , the powerful Spacing Guild , and the secretive female order of the Bene Gesserit , are all drawn together into confrontations that will change the course of humanity . The novel was originally serialised in the magazine, Analog , from 1963 to 1965 as two shorter works: Dune World and The Prophet of Dune .
Political backdrop of Dune
Opening twenty-thousand years into the future, the human race has scattered throughout the galaxy, populating multiple planets ruled by aristocratic Houses who themselves answer to the galaxy's Imperial family House Corrino . Key is the control of the desert planet Arrakis , the only source of the valuable spice melange . Spice gives those who ingest it an extended life and prescient awareness . Melange is crucial as it enables space travel . This domain is monopolized by the Spacing Guild ; its Navigators use the spice to safely plot a course for the Guild ships via prescience using " foldspace " technology. So they can travel instantaneously to anywhere in the galaxy. Ten thousand years before the beginning of the story, the human race had purged all machines that had replicated many of the functions of the human mind. This event, known as the Butlerian Jihad, resulted in the destruction of all the robots, computers , “ thinking machines ,” ( including the computer-navigators ). Subsequently, it was necessary to replace spaceship computers with humans having the ability to assume same role. That's how emerged the Guild Navigators to allow ships to travel safely through space. The functions of the logical computers were replaced by the Mentats , humans who, through intensive training, learned to enter a heightened mental state in which they could perform complex logical computations. The spice is also crucial to the powerful matriarchal order called the Bene Gesserit . The secretive Bene Gesserit, often referred to as "witches", possess mental and physical powers developed through a combination of thousands of generations of genetic selection and years of physical and mental conditioning. When a Bene Gesserit acolyte becomes a full Reverend Mother by undergoing a massive overdose of specific narcotics (called "The Agony"), she gains access to her "ancestral memories" — the complete life experiences of all her female ancestors back to the point of conception. Only women have been able to survive the transformation. However, the Bene Gesserit have a secret, centuries-old breeding program to create a prescient superhuman — and male equivalent of a Reverend Mother — called the Kwisatz Haderach , who would not only be able to survive The Agony, but whose “organic mental powers would bridge space and time”. The planet Arrakis is completely covered in a desert ecosystem, hostile to most organic life. It is also sparsely settled by a human population of native Fremen tribes arrived a long time ago after an exodus. Tribal leaders are selected by defeating the former leader in combat to death. The Fremen also have complex rituals and systems focusing on the value and conservation of water, a so rare and precious ressource on their arid planet. They conserve the water distilled from their dead, consider spitting an honorable greeting, and value tears as the greatest gift one can give to the dead. Their culture also revolves around the spice, which is created as part of the life cycle of the giant sandworms who dominate the deserts. Bene Gesserit missionary efforts — which the mission is to implement in populations supersitions in the aim to influence the evolving of humanity — have implanted a belief about a male Messiah who will one day come and transform Arrakis into a world more hospitable to humans. When the Atreides familiy will come into Arrakis, the Fremens will believe that Paul is their Messiah, the Mahdi .
Plot Synopsis
The central figure of the book is Paul , son and heir presumptive to Duke Leto Atreides , head of the House Atreides , and Leto's concubine , Jessica , a Bene Gesserit . The Bene Gesserit perform many functions in the Empire, as Truthsayers (human lie detectors), negotiators, advisors, and teachers, but all these functions serve one deeper purpose: for at least ten thousand years, they have been selectively breeding humans trying to improve humanity. The goal of their breeding program is the Kwisatz Haderach , a human being who will be aware of both maternal and paternal ancestral memories, and have prescient abilities greater than those of the Guild's navigators. The Bene Gesserit are close, they believe, to the fruition of their plan, and Paul Atreides is at the heart of it. Jessica , his mother, disobeyed Bene Gesserit orders out of attachment to Leto Atreides , and gave birth to a boy, Paul . Her express orders had been to produce a girl, whom the Bene Gesserit would have mated with a Harkonnen, and they hoped from this union they would produce the Kwisatz Haderach . Ultimately, the change in plan causes Paul Atreides to exhibit unexpected resources, and possibilities that were unforeseen by the Bene Gesserit plan. With House Atreides becoming increasingly more powerful within the Landsraad , the Padishah Emperor concocts a plan to rid the Imperium of the great house under the guise of a Harkonnen attack. The emperor awards House Atreides with the stewardship of Arrakis , a desert planet and the only source of the most valuable substance in the universe, spice melange . Whilst Leto is aware that the Emperor is out to betray him, he sees Arrakis as a way to prove himself within the Landsraad and grow in power by turning around Arrakis — a feat that had not been accomplished by the Harkonnens in eight decades.
Source: Dune (novel) on Dune Wiki